Definition

Ebola is a rare, life-threatening, viral infection. It is found in humans and animals. It needs care right away.

Causes

The infection is caused by ebolaviruses. The viruses pass between people through contact with:

• Blood, feces, or vomit from an infected person
• Infected animals such as fruit bats, rodents, apes, or monkeys
• Objects that are contaminated with the virus

The viruses enter the body though breaks in the skin. They can also enter the eyes, nose, or mouth.

Virus Attack on Cell

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Risk Factors

Ebola is most common in central Africa. The risk is higher for those who live in or travel to that area.

The risk is highest for those who:

• Work in health care
• Live with infected people
• Handle infected animals
• Share infected objects, especially needles

Symptoms

Common symptoms of Ebola are:

• Fever
• Headaches
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Joint and muscle aches
• Rash
• Red eyes
• Bleeding

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms, travel and health history. A physical exam may be done. Ebola is diagnosed by blood tests.

Treatment

Treatment is focused on life support. It involves giving:

• IV fluids
• IV electrolytes
• Oxygen support
• Blood pressure support

Prevention

Ebola may be prevented by:

• Avoiding contact with people infected with Ebola
• Not traveling during outbreaks
• Wearing masks, gloves, gowns, and goggles
• Not sharing or reusing needles