Definition

Dysthymia is long term, mild-to-moderate depression. It lasts for at least two years in adults. In children and teens, it lasts for one or more years.

Causes

The cause of dysthymia is not known. A brain chemical called serotonin may play a role.

Brainstem—Location of Serotonin Production

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Risk Factors

Dysthymia is more common in women than in men. Other things that raise the risk are:

• Loss and grief
• Child abuse
• Partner abuse
• Stress, trauma, and life changes
• Family history of depression or dysthymia
• History of substance abuse
• Long term illness
• Brain injury

Symptoms

Symptoms of dysthymia and depression overlap. They may be:

• Feeling sad or hopeless
• Lack of hunger or overeating
• Problems focusing
• Sleeping too little or too much
• Feeling tired
• Low self-esteem
• Problems at work or school

Bouts of major depression may also occur.

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical and mental health exam will be given.

The doctor may refer you to a specialist. Tests may be done to look for causes like thyroid problems or anemia. Dysthymia is diagnosed after ruling out other causes.

Treatment

The goal is to ease symptoms and improve function. Severe symptoms may need hospital care. Care is urgent if someone might hurt themselves or others.

A number of treatments may be used. Options may be:

• Antidepressants
• Counseling, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy —to help with coping
• Family therapy
• Lifestyle changes, such as:
  • A healthful diet
  • Daily physical activity —to ease symptoms and stress
  • Not using drugs and alcohol
  • Good sleep
  • Fun things to do

Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent dysthymia. However, early care may help those at risk.