Definition

An elbow sprain is stretching or tearing of the ligaments of the elbow. Ligaments are strong bands of tissue that hold bones to each other.

The Elbow

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Causes

An elbow sprain is when a force pushes the bones of the elbow apart. If the force is strong enough, the ligament comes apart. This can happen from things like:

• A blow to the elbow
• Forced twisting of the arm
• An impact with an object or another person
• Falling on an outstretched arm

Risk Factors

Things that may raise the risk of this problem are:

• Playing sports, such as gymnastics or baseball
• Poor coordination or balance
• Poor flexibility and strength
• Loose joints

Symptoms

Problems may be:

• Pain and tenderness in the elbow
• Swelling, warmth, or bruising around the elbow
• Problems moving the elbow

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. You will also be asked how you injured your elbow. A physical exam will be done. It will focus on your elbow.

It can be hard to tell a sprain from a fracture or dislocation. Pictures may be taken. This can be done with:

• X-rays
• MRI scan

Treatment

Treatment will depend on the joint and how severe the injury is. The goal of treatment is to ease pain and improve movement. Choices are:

• Supportive care, such as rest, ice, a compression bandage, and raising the elbow to ease pain and swelling
• Medicine, such as over the counter or prescription pain relievers
• Wearing a brace or sling to support the elbow as it heals
• Physical therapy to improve strength and range of motion

Some people may need surgery to repair a ligament that is torn.

Prevention

Most sprains are due to accidents. They cannot always be prevented. The risk may be lowered by:

• Using the right safety gear and techniques when playing sports
• Stretching and strengthening the ligaments that support the elbow