Definition

A meniscal tear is a tear in the meniscus. The meniscus is cartilage, which acts as a shock-absorbing structure in the knee. There are two menisci in each knee, a medial one on the inside, and a lateral one on the outside.

There are different types of tears depending on the location and how they look. Treatment depends on the severity of the tear.

Torn Meniscus Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

Most injuries to the meniscus are caused by trauma. This usually includes compression and twisting of the knee. Because aging tends to break down the inner tissues of the meniscus, minor trauma can injure the meniscus in an older person.

Risk Factors    TOP

Factors that may increase your risk of a meniscal tear include:

• Participating in contact sports
• Improper techniques for jumping, landing, pivoting, and cutting
• Increasing age
• Previous knee injuries
• Obesity

Symptoms    TOP

Symptoms may include:

• A popping sound at the time of the injury
• Pain and swelling in the knee
• Tightness in the knee
• Locking up, catching, or giving way of the knee
• Tenderness in the joint

Diagnosis    TOP

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and your medical history. A physical exam will be done.

Tests may include:

• X-ray
• MRI—To get images of the internal structure of the knee.
• Arthroscopy—A thin, lighted tube inserted through a small incision in the knee to look at the structures inside the knee. With the arthroscope, the tear will be seen and may be removed or repaired as necessary.

Treatment    TOP

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Recovery time ranges depend on the severity of your injury. Treatment steps may include:

Prevention    TOP

To reduce your chances of a meniscal tears, take these steps:

• Maintain proper technique when exercising or playing sports.
• Wear appropriate footwear for your sport and playing surface.
• Strengthen both the quadriceps and the hamstrings.
• Consider wearing a knee brace for sports.