Cholesteatoma

Definition

A cholesteatoma is a type of cyst found in the middle ear behind the eardrum. Cholesteatoma is a noncancerous tumor that forms when the skin of a punctured eardrum grows through the hole in the middle ear.

Regions of the Ear

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Causes

Cholesteatomas are most often caused by:

• Ear infections
• Congenital defects
• A poorly functioning eustachian tube

Risk Factors

Chronic ear infections increase your chance of developing cholesteatoma.

Symptoms

Symptoms include:

• Discharge from the ear, sometimes foul-smelling
• Pressure in the ear
• Hearing loss
• Earache
• Numbness of the ear
• Dizziness
• Muscle weakness in the face on the affected side

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

Tests may include the following:

• Your doctor may examine your ears. This can be done with hearing tests and balance tests.
• You may need to have pictures taken of your bodily structures. This can be done with:
  • CT scan
  • X-ray
• Your doctor may want to check the function of your nerves. This can be done with:
  • Electronystagmography
  • Caloric stimulation

Treatment

Cholesteatoma is a serious medical problem. Early treatment is vital for the best outcome. Serious complications may occur if the tumor goes untreated, including hearing loss, and vertigo. Spreading of infection to the brain can lead to meningitis and brain abscess.

Cholesteatoma responds well to treatments. Patients are likely to recover fully without complications if the tumor is caught and treated early. Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:

Prevention

Cholesteatomas caused by congenital defects cannot be prevented. However, proper treatment of ear infections can prevent cholesteatoma.