Definition

Vaginal prolapse is the inward and downward bulging of the vaginal walls. The severity of vaginal prolapse may be defined as:

• First degree—collapse into the upper part of the vagina
• Second degree—collapse further into the vaginal canal, down to the level of the vaginal opening
• Third degree—collapse that extends beyond the opening

Causes

Vaginal prolapse is caused by weakened support structures in the pelvic region. The lack of support causes the walls of the vagina to weaken, sag, and collapse.

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Risk Factors    TOP

Increasing age increases your risk of vaginal prolapse. Other factors include:

• Multiple vaginal deliveries
• Post-menopause
• Obesity
• Straining caused by chronic cough, constipation, or heavy lifting
• Family history

Symptoms    TOP

Symptoms may include:

• Pelvic pressure
• A feeling of vaginal fullness or heaviness
• A feeling of pulling in the pelvis
• Vaginal discomfort
• Urinary urgency and frequency
• Urination when laughing, sneezing, coughing, or exercising
• Constipation
• Difficult or painful intercourse
• Low backache that is relieved with lying down

Diagnosis    TOP

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will also be done. Vaginal prolapse that has no symptoms may be diagnosed during routine examinations. Your doctor may refer you to a gynecologist, who will do a pelvic exam.

Treatment    TOP

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. First or second degree prolapse without symptoms may not require treatment. Treatment options include:

Prevention    TOP

To help prevent vaginal prolapse:

• Do Kegel exercises.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• To avoid constipation, eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day.
• If you smoke, quit. Smoking may cause chronic coughing and weakening of connective tissues.
• Limit heavy lifting.