Definition

A bunion is a thickened lump at the base of the big toe. It causes the big toe to move toward the smaller toes. It can make walking difficult.

Bunion Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

Bunions are caused by a deformity of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint at the base of the big toe. This causes instability of the joint.

Deformity can be caused by:

• Flat feet, which transfer too much weight to the MTP joint
• Narrow-toed shoes and high heels
• Certain neuromuscular diseases, such as cerebral palsy or multiple sclerosis
• Marfan syndrome
• Activities that put undue stress on the feet, such as ballet

Risk Factors    TOP

Factors that increase your chance of getting a bunion include:

• Family members who have foot abnormalities
• Sex: female
• Diabetes

You should seek medical attention if you have diabetes and you are having problems with your feet.

Symptoms    TOP

Symptoms include:

• Tip of the big toe that turns in toward the other toes and may overlap the second or third toe
• Firm bump on the outside edge of the foot or at the base of the big toe
• Restricted or painful motion of the big toe
• Foot pain and stiffness
• Fluid-filled cyst between the skin and the bony lump

Diagnosis    TOP

The doctor will examine your foot and ask about your symptoms. An x-ray of your foot will be used to diagnose a bunion. It will also show the amount of damage.

Treatment    TOP

The goals of treatment are to relieve pressure on the bunion and stop progression of the deformity.

If you are diagnosed as having a bunion, follow your doctor's instructions.

Prevention    TOP

These tips can help to protect your feet and possibly reduce the risk of bunion:

• Wear wide toed shoes and comfortable footwear that does not pinch the toes.
• Avoid activities that cause foot pain, like standing too long.
• Prevent a minor bunion from worsening with bunion pads and proper shoes.